Changing dance is downwind fly upwards

  • Time:
  • Click:96
  • source:YESCOM CNC Machining
PDM project involved the change of industry technology mode, touched the working habit with old follow, need rectifies historical data, even the in some way should establish brand-new regulation, so PDM is carried out is not a simple thing, want to achieve PDM goal, rely on have one's bosom filled with to be mixed enthusiasticly only immerse oneself in hardworking be no good. One, the market competition with the intense origin of the project makes the product changes speed is accelerated, date of delivery of user demand diversification, product shortens, scale of much breed small lot increases, this can answer the change of the market as soon as possible with respect to requirement enterprise, make a performance/price ratio the admirable, product that can satisfy user individuation requirement, provide good after service. The client demand that answers constant change with agile ground quickly became the critical factor that the company grows. The application of the computer changed the design method of the enterprise, shortened product development cycle, accelerated the enterprise response to the market speed. But while the application of computer technology is promoting productivity to develop, after also causing company application IT, design the contradiction of method and backward government measure advancedly, produced the problem of information management field, basically reflect in the following respects: Design data is dispersive, messy, between information share degree low, form information Gu island; Content consistency cannot get electronic data and paper blueprint to assure effectively; Much information memory is dispersive irregular, data retrieval is very disadvantageous, existence spare parts repeats design phenomenon; BOM by artificial collect, efficiency is low, easy make mistake; Change management not rigorous, identify hard correct and final version; Electronic file very more delete easily, duplicate reach carry, safety of industry technology secret and confidential issue are outstanding; Process card of Word of use work out, staff time is long, resource utilization rate is low, craft file changes consistency difference; To solve the problem that company product information manages, the company rates PDM system formally enterprise informatization to build a project. How does the enterprise build type selecting of PDM system, software and the option issue that serve trader, undertook market survey and analysis contrast, reach the designated position from the service of business of the demand of whether contented enterprise, software, the design thought of software is advanced and the respect such as the executive ability of software business undertook be evaluatinged integratedly, the course makes an on-the-spot investigation seriously and choose cautiously, chose the PDM software Javelin of big constant company finally. 2, the target of the PDM of executive enterprise implementation of the project makes a person very of hearten, but implementation PDM is not as easy in that way as implementation CAD/CAM. After CAD/CAM system is bought, after project technology personnel grooms slightly can use very quickly rise, but PDM is different, this is project of a system, must stand in the height that industry technology manages, formulate specific means and strategy, be carried out as an informatization project. The solid almsgiver of PDM project wants to spread out from the following respects: 1, the establishs a process to manage system science to change namely essentially procedure that establishs team PDM to manage mode. The administrative pattern that is the manner change that original technology manages PDM is management change, doing not have unified program and direct won't do. Because this carries out PDM to must want organize the working team of PDM, be in charge of coordinating by person specially assigned for a task, the plan that masters a project to carry out at any time and defend the work daily. To implement PDM project, technical center established informatization group technically, by the chief engineer personally assume leadership, CAD room and standardization room member attend, be in charge of collecting industry technology to run medium the mainest message, make clear run target and business have a process, make detailed analysis to the technical infrastructure of the enterprise, through the enterprise daily and multifarious technology work sees the enterprise needs settlement problem, taking these problems to implement PDM system next. 2, analysis of demand analysis demand is one of link with PDM most crucial project, informatization group and division of Cheng of solid construction of big constant company manage personnel of backbone, standardization, design and technologist to attend a meeting through calling together a technology for many times research discussion, to the personnel of Technical Division pattern of flow of structure of composition, product, business, management made in detail understanding, analysis, after combing, more thorough ground mastered an enterprise to need to manage those product data, what between what information exchange needs is there? Is the flow of technical management what kind of? Pass the labor of pair of business demand, the design that is PDM plan provided accurate, detailed, reliable basis. 3, systematic design analyses a foundation to go up in sufficient and meticulous, accurate demand, decided the administrative model of PDM, made " NYPDM devises plan " , " NYCAPP devises plan " , " NY personnel model devises plan " , " the solution of NYBOM collect " , " NYPDM/CAPP project AUTOCAD and PDM compositive plan " , " NYPDM/CAPP project CAPP and PDM is compositive. 4, the target that detailed design devises plan according to the system and task, informatization group made target of PDM system personnel, product government and working circuit in detail 3 kinds of models propose modular plan, defined file of blueprint of product, component, standard component, general part, project and craft the card major attribute that manages an object and the relation between each administrative targets. It is good to be a purpose to move to be done with the test mix adequately necessary preparation. 5, the user is changed custom-built the definition that is an enterprise to provide product data only with itself of system of 2 development PDM, organization and pilot frame, still need the executive development work with very great workload, ability produces effect inside the enterprise. System of big constant PDM is object-oriented open sex software, executive key is the administrative model according to the enterprise and specific requirement, undertake the user is changed custom-built develop with 2, build the PDM system that has this enterprise distinguishing feature. Informatization group made many user change custom-built job, for instance; File of blueprint of setting of flow of forms for reporting statistics of collect of pattern plate of the encode of standard component and bought-in component, craft card, BOM, examine and verify, electron, technology prints norm of management, material collect of computation, craft, change blueprint sheet watch of library, general part library, typical craft library, craft allocation, information. 6, the project carries out a process 6.

Of the installation test of 1 software and system try move in the project initiative phase, installed the basic software environment of PDM system, be in charge of undertaking trying moving by informatization group, in order to test software function and administrative model reasonable. The product data that PDM system manages is an enterprise most the information of core, must pass strict test, cannot have the least bit neglect. Trying moving phase, it is with 130 products first pilot, after gaining successful experience, popularize 10 again basic model product. The test that passes a year of many time and try move, while big constant Javelin and Capp software are perfected stage by stage, the administrative model of the enterprise also is perfected ceaselessly with tend reasonable. Till this year the beginning of the year, the version of software just decides finally, the 2 development course that the user changes also subsequently work up rises. In every level that raises ceaselessly in the function of software, informatization group and division of Cheng of solid construction of big constant company have a test to its first, when after test and try out do not have a problem, just carry out stage by stage. 6.

The technology of 2 projects grooms the carries out the promotion of CAD application technology than before difficulty of working PDM project should be gotten greatly much. The application of CAD technology should have installed software only, tell a design how personnel is used, develop respective applied level to calculate subsequently by him person that use finished. And of PDM carry out be not definitely is a few a few people pass a few days or a few weeks it is OK to groom investment uses. The technical management that executive PDM system is pair of whole industries makes big operation, no matter be the investment of equipment, return be personnel to groom, use the promotion application of the program commonly more than far. The thought concept that additionally PDM management still involves personnel of every project technology and job are used to a change. In carry out, want to renew culture idea ceaselessly not only, and should undertake corresponding technology grooms. Informatization group used a system to handle notebook online help, increase concentration lecture and the method that coach to be united in wedlock individually, the use method that allows project technology personnel to understand PDM and the standardization that design the job daily ask, master the operation of PDM system, suit to work below PDM system environment stage by stage, PDM system already technical center popularizes application in the round. This shows, had done groom one of necessary safeguard that the job is PDM system executive success. 6.

Informatization of 3 standardization job built the standardization job to the enterprise to raise new requirement. The process of informatization, also be the course that runs standardization. In PDM item executive process, what executive personnel discovers message is non-standard it is the biggest obstacle that the project carries out, for formulate of this informatization group a series of government regulations, be like: "The standardization of CAD plot asks " , " PDM project carries out management to set " , " BOM work out is regular " , " change single executive government to set " , " the regulation that be changed by grafting part " etc, ask project technology personnel manages a regulation strictly in day-to-day work to carry out according to these. Of these administrative systems carry out, effectively assures PDM project carry out. "Informatization calls standardization " , while enterprise informatization is built, the level that the enterprise standardizes also is able to promote. 6.

4 encode plan is decided really with carry out the uniqueness that is the information in assuring PDM database, requirement data has only encode label. Encode plan is decided really with carry out, also be PDM system carries out medium important segment. Informatization group discusses through what relapse for many times, sought the opinion of each field staff, defined the encode program of the enterprise finally, date of component to in an attempt to is encode, standard component, bought-in component adopts the encode plan of 11 codes. Encode plan is decided really with carry out carry out, what assured PDM project not only is successful carry out, also be an enterprise next informatization construction laid good foundation. 6.

Personnel is founded and the in building PDM system standard component of 5 standard component libraries, bought-in component library, bought-in component library is managed by standardization, such not only went to the lavatory to design personnel to be opposite of standard component and bought-in component choose, and the control that is helpful for pair of standard component, bought-in component and optimize management, what can reduce standard component, bought-in component is phyletic, drop a business purchase, administrative cost, true system reveals management to give benefit. Of standard component library, bought-in component library build, solved the standard component sort is uncontrollable problem since the enterprise is long-term, the bought-in component that also ended an enterprise a correspondence is much, the history of much date of a correspondence. Of predicting standard component and bought-in component library optimize a result, can decrease 20 ~ the norms breed of 30% , will bring considerable economic benefits for the enterprise. 6.

6 basic model the product of government of system of PDM of put in storage of the product is whole the full data inside lifecycle, involve the generation in products plan and use product information among them, include the data of the type such as graph, character, form, data. The data change that should disperse all and original independence becomes the organic whole of mutual correlation, need does many analysis to arrange the job. What carry out in PDM project is earlier, undertook to the blueprint of 10 main products information extracts a test first, examine circumstances of these electronic blueprint standardization. To these 10 products, informatization group is combed through not less than 3 one by one, information extracts a test, eventually file of put in storage of these 10 blueprint. Accumulated a lot of experience at the same time, use at coaching standardization of the following blueprint works. Finishing basic model after the standardization of product blueprint, still ask director of senior engineer, room, undertook checking to the validity of these blueprint, affirm, make these 10 blueprint become the resource that can share for all design personnel. As the development application of PDM, more product data enter a database stage by stage in, share resource richer and richer, PDM system also more and more the reception that gets design personnel. Of PDM carry out and apply, make the administrative measure of product data and administrative effect produced simple change. 6.

7The uses BOM list pool of BOM collect function is one of keys that PDM project carries out. Because the BOM of this enterprise is the forms for reporting statistics of demand of application of branch of a kind of integrated very much function, it is an enterprise manufacturing plan, make, purchase, the important directiveness file that the branch such as cost accounting has manufacturing operational, its collect requirement is more complex. Informatization group thinks since active BOM applied so much year, have the rationality that it exists for certain, reason decides to retain existing BOM collect way, will come true from software function. Informatization group and software are adjusted repeatedly between business, revise via what pass for many times, after the test, for BOM module custom-built means of 4 kinds of collect: ⑴ spreads out, ⑵ does not spread out, ⑶ does not spread out completely, ⑷ lists list additionally. Pick the choice of means of on in order to 4 kinds of collect and combination, OK and convenient, quick collect gives summary table of component list, grafting part, standard component, bought-in component summary table, self-restrained all sorts of BOM such as a summary table are expressed. 6.

8 projects are carried out with what flow manages in PDM project, project and flow management are executive personnel of software business, project and systematic manager all the time most headaching link, great majority person does his utmost will evasive. The flow management of project of PDM of a lot of enterprises also is to take a form just, apply not actually. The prove an abortion of project of a few PDM, because did not carry out what good flow manages and cause,often be. Matter to the crucial question of PDM project success or failure in the light of this, informatization group passes carefully analysis, carry out personnel to undertake discussion with personnel of sectional leader, design and big constant company for many times, the key analysed active work flow to manage mode how the union with PDM, protocol feasible, effective flow management method, publicize what administrative concept undertakes iteration to design personnel and explain, make those who design staff daily in designing the task to bring into project and flow management, undertake, everybody oneself " individual work area " , " project " and " global resources division " . So far, in PDM " individual work area " in processing routine has been accepted by design personnel place. The examine and verify of card of file of all blueprint, technology, craft and change achieved flow administration, this also is the part that PDM project implements what have effect most. 6.

Of the management of 9 general part and library building general part should be the spare parts that in showing product component is designed, often is cited. The enterprise is in before in designing the job, after although ever also considered to a few commonly used models the spare parts undertakes unified standardization,be being designed, the definition is company general part, for all designs personnel is chosen. But in traditional technical management means falls, suffer from begins this work without good method and method. In PDM system, can occupy inquiry through number, find a few be cited for many times and be in what product the component that is cited, be general part build those who offerred effective to retrieve a method. Be opposite through informatization group PDM database is at present medium the retrieval of the product, analysis, after and induce be being summed up, promote those who be general part a few spare partses, and established general part warehouse. The kill that such doing, can reduce spare parts amount, raise the heavy utilization rate of the spare parts, achieve the goal that optimizes products plan. The amount of PDM database general part increases ceaselessly, will increasing body reveals informatization to build brought administrative benefit. 6.

10 changed control and management are below traditional technical management pattern, to the part that is used changing management is to have regulations system, cannot carry out however with pilot. Because design staff,this is cannot fast and accurate judgement gives the spare parts in the product that he is designed or is in charge of to whether be used by others. When because this is in,the part that designs to oneself undertakes changing, perhaps be opposite by memory only the familiar degree of whole industry product will decide to whether can be changed, press the issue after the responsibility heart rate of each one comes to what processing changes heal again. This kind of not controlled phenomenon is technical management actually go up " flaw " . PDM system is having strict control and government to changing, once the spare parts is used hind, if average user is changed when, the system can give out clew, tell you this to the spare parts did not allow to be changed at will. When if need to undertake really,be being changed reasonably, the system can show this part clearly by what the member that what does the product design was used, must assure to change pair of other component not to produce undesirable effect according to due administrative technological process, carry out again change, what utmost ground made sure blueprint is designed is correct, without by accident. Of PDM carry out from what get on technical management at all " flaw " to stemmed. 6.

The development of the process of informatization of the management that print of 11 blueprint and technical file, caused advanced design method and the backward contradiction that manage a method. The printing process with original company is put in a lot of problems, be like: Paper medium file, and electronic documentation still is in user hand, electronic documentation and papery version are possible different; Print by him user directly again, do not get any control, waste paper, cost of material of the bad news that print is high, quantity giving a picture also does not have law statistic. How managing good printer also is the problem that must solve in informatization process. The printing center in PDM system manages, solved afore-mentioned problems well. Through PDM system pilot the center that print manages printer, assure to print the blueprint that come out and document, it is the official version of calm edition in PDM database, print a record to be saved every time again in the database, OK still and automatic statistic gives a graph to measure and give forms for reporting statistics. The management that print makes all printout controlled, and have according to can be being checked. 3, the success of project of PDM of project executive effect is carried out, form enterprise CAD/CAPP/PDM compositive platform, for whole industry informatization construction lays next good foundations. Main effect reflects PDM item in the following respects: * PDM project promoted those who standardize the job and technical level of management to raise PDM project carry out new to standardizing the job to put forward requirement, promoted standardization job to stride new chance to extricateoneself from an awkward position. Make to cooperate the executive place of PDM project a series of standard standard, the put in storage that is like documentation of CAD cartography regulation, electron, change, extend each system such as management, make every process of technical management is carried out according to firm order. Realizing informatization while, the enterprise is standardized and the level of technical management also is able to promote. The encode of * standard component and bought-in component and management, pair of successfully standard component in creating advantage PDM project to carry out a process for enterprise informatization construction, bought-in component had code, code plan is able to carry out in products plan, pass the administrative function of PDM, realized the good control to standard component and bought-in component. Of standard component and bought-in component optimize, reduced norms and sort, dropped a business purchase, administrative cost, reflected management to give benefit truly. The standardization that also is product information at the same time laid a foundation, for the enterprise next informatization construction creates advantage. * BOM collects general function automatically, improved work efficiency, provided accurate, only data source for production. Organization of the technology design of production enterprise, production, goods and materials is supplied, content shedding management, external the management activity such as cooperation, want to be based on the data information of product structure, its behave a form to be expressed for the BOM with active enterprise. PDM system offerred seesaw pattern to define form tool oneself, can make aleatoric and complex enterprise form, and offer a variety of statistic, collect and develop way. The collect requirement of this enterprise BOM is more complex. Collect labour of choose and employ persons to type data before, again by computer processing technique. Manual input data, it is to duplicate work not only, and efficiency is low easy make mistake. The BOM in PDM system collects general function, it is direct make the BOM list that accords with this business demand automatically from inside product structure, go to the lavatory already quick, accurate without by accident. BOM is generated automatically, reduced workload greatly not only, still avoided the appearance that manual input BOM makes mistake easily at the same time, before by manual input hind again collect, when needing 2 ~ 3 days, a few minutes are finished now. Of * product database build, offerred for products plan but efficient use share resource. The goal that establishs product database is to want from go up at all the administrative method that changes product data and administrative measure, to achieve this goal, the enterprise organizes the manpower that comparative, first from basic model the product begins, arrange original product resource, stock PDM product database, implementation enterprise already had the effective government of product resource. Current PDM database already assemble the enterprise is many technical natural resources, card of structure of the project blueprint that includes nearly 200 products, product, craft and technical file. A variety of inquiry functions of PDM system, can search the blueprint of a need and technical file convenient and quickly, data of personnel of sufficient contented technology and data inquire demand quickly, provide reliable design reference basis to design staff, managing the time with many and valuable stylist. Of time economic, provide safeguard for product date of delivery; Inquire quickly and get information, avoided component to repeat a design, to design resource recycle, reduce product cost to bring huge profit. Control of attributive of * PDM system and part manage, solved data security problem. PDM system part manages, set a part according to different identity, stipulated the different access to product data resource is restricted, manage a mechanism through effective safety, can satisfy an industry already the demand of blueprint of all sorts of staff inquiry project and technical file, cogent the security problem that solved company product data. Process of * PDM system manages, the electron that increased a business turns level of management. The process management of PDM includes project management, flow management, change management to wait, make products plan from found component to arrive staff of document of collect of project blueprint scale, BOM, technology and printout, each link have detailed record, accomplish stay to have a mark and have according to can be being checked; Rigorous the flow government that can accuse, realized blueprint to proofread, the computerization of examine and verify, approval; The version of electronic documentation manages and change management, recorded documentation to file from generation every phase in whole process is mixed every time important alter, assuring what the position uses any time are specific is the version with proper documentation, solved data dependability problem, reduce error, ensured design quality. The application of * PDM system, from go up at all the problem that solves electronic documentation and paper documentation consistency. The application of CAD technology puts design staff from the solution in manual plot, and arise as many electronic blueprint, the problem with the abhorrent base map of the electronic blueprint of a lot of version on the PC and reference room, the trouble that your person cannot differentiate come as. PDM solved the version government problem of electronic documentation, but to base map of put in storage those who blow the electronic documentation that change and causes and base map of put in storage is abhorrent, strand forgive to wear again informatization administrator. To solve these problems, first from the administrative take as the point of departure to base map, adopt from system and administrative link necessary mandatory method, the consistency problem of the paper documentation that the electronic documentation in assuring PDM database and reference room file. And the consistency problem that solves electronic documentation and base map thoroughly most the method of effective is, cancel vitriolic paper base map and blue print, all blueprint and technical file must be in charge of printout by the personnel that output limits of authority has in PDM system, from go up at all the uniqueness that assures blueprint. The enterprise is having this job, narrow first the width of cloth of project blueprint, with printout the blueprint method of effective version, replace output base map to bask in the practice of blue print again, eliminate base map and blue print stage by stage. Can solve consistency problem thoroughly already so, can save design cost again. The accuracy that modification control assured data with management, consistency, effectiveness mixes * but date from sex. In before blueprint is changed in, because papery blueprint capacity is much the range is wide, browse with search not quite convenient, make when the member that design is undertaking blueprint is changed, cannot understand what component to be used in detail, decide to whether be changed only by memory or responsibility heart and how to change. And can have mirrorred those who give component to use a case clearly in PDM system, when if encounter,undertaking changing to the component that is used, the system can give out clew, do not allow average user to undertake changing. If change,be reasonable and indispensible, can undertake handling through special administrative technological process. PDM system makes to blueprint change management to have maneuverability, when avoiding to be changed to blueprint before, change because of what scanty now.. causes not rigorous or because responsibility heart is not strong and cause change undesirable consequence, changed the traditional pattern that changes management thoroughly, the concept that makes aggrandizement changes management falls to real point. PDM system perfected the process in the design change management, assured effectively to design quality; For the production of the enterprise plan, inventory management, cost accounting provided accurate, reliable data. The administrative pattern of database of * PDM product, protect the intellectual property of the enterprise effectively. "The run that iron makes dish the arms of running water " , market economy causes a talented person flow is frequent, it is the enterprise thinks of the phenomenon that sees follow in a continuous line for nothing. How the intellectual property of reasonable protection enterprise, prevent the leak outside technical classified, it is the problem that your industry leader has a headache. PDM is a foundation with the database, those who pass the detailed notes of whole to products plan process and available data is reliable save, the data that can prevent the computer to operate error place to cause on one hand is missing, can make be informed knowledge and carrier to come off on the other hand, let the effective precipitation of crucial technology content, form the reliable protective screen that company intellectual property protects. Of * PDM project carry out improved technical personnel quality, trained a batch of omnibus talented people. Of PDM carry out, personnel of requirement project technology finishs compose of file of staff of all project blueprint designs, technology, technology on PDM compositive platform, the concept that applies level and technical management to the computer of project technology personnel had new breakthrough and rise. The undergraduate of new invite applications for a job is made work in PDM project group by arrangement, supported informatization to work on one hand, on the other hand personnel of new invite applications for a job consolidates the product that this enterprise was familiar with in the process in product data. Those who carry PDM item carry out, trained a batch of omnibus talented people, hammered into shape an informatization team. 4, a few experience of PDM project 4.

1PDM project succeeds in executive PDM again mark, ought to want to see its whether be pushed truly to the desktop, whether to make the tool that enterprise Technical Division uses daily, whether can bring for the enterprise mix directly indirect benefit. If the enterprise is in informatization respect investment is very large, software was installed, carry out also finished, but the small number of people in staying in informatization branch only is used, do not have promotion to go in real work, become for leader and outside the unit looks around " beautiful frame work " , violated the original intention of project of the informatization on the enterprise. And these, be PDM project in carrying out, the target that informatization group and big constant company pay close attention to jointly. PDM project involved the change of industry technology mode, touched the working habit with old follow, need rectifies historical data, even the in some way should establish brand-new regulation, so PDM is carried out is not a simple thing, want to achieve PDM goal, rely on have one's bosom filled with to be mixed enthusiasticly only immerse oneself in hardworking be no good. In PDM item executive process, executive staff of informatization group and big constant company was made jointly " scroll of 3 class plan, two class, it is driving unit with the task, it is level mark with project milepost, undertake communication with a variety of means " executive plan. Cooperate closely in bilateral personnel, communicate in time, in a planned way, have a cause, ground of in an orderly way undertakes a purpose carry out, so far, PDM application already obtained remarkable positive result. Come two years more the executive job of PDM, make we had to the understanding of PDM project very big rise, deepen ceaselessly. PDM project is not the software application that accomplish in one move, need software business and user deep administrative levels to communicate however, understand the requirement of the user, undertake measuring a body according to the actual condition of the user custom-built run a system with what carry out. 4.

2The carries out meeting generation many sided successfully benefit ◆ of PDM project is direct benefit: Carry PDM item carry out, the enterprise rectified much product data, solved problem of a lot of accuracy, consistency, integrality; Standardization division system decided encode plan and carry out carry out; Of all kinds BOM is generated automatically from inside PDM system, raised work efficiency and accuracy greatly; Change management strict control rises, avoided the error that a lot of designs change; Data retrieval function is managing the time with many and valuable stylist; Of product library build offerred for stylist but efficient use share resource; Of standard component library, bought-in component library and general part library build and the actor chemical industry that is about to begin is made, will reduce greatly purchase and run cost. Of vitriolic paper base map cancel stage by stage, not only from go up at all the abhorrent sex problem that solved electronic documentation and base map, ensured of project blueprint version exclusive, correct, still reduced the dosage that paper and bad news taste greatly, saved design cost. ◆ indirect benefit: Of PDM project carry out, arrange in data, the informatization project that the effect that the standardization field place of design administration and information produces and effect will be company future other lays next good foundations, be like ERP project, SCM project. The blame such as type selecting of the executive method that this still includes an item among them, system is technical element. ◆ aeriform benefit: The application of PDM technology puts the solution in designing personnel to will work from onerous plot, put more energy on the development of new product, shortened at the same time products plan is periodic, enhance the core competition ability of the enterprise. The success of PDM project is carried out, the informatization project that is company future other lays next good foundations, the personnel of technology of new generation project that still brings up a batch to modern science manages an idea for the enterprise, bring up new-style modern industry, its meaning and benefit are inestimable. The executive process of PDM project is the process that company design changes, the leader of the enterprise and project technology personnel are in this " the design changes " in dance, acted respective indispensable part, get raising of things to a higher level in idea of the idea in changing dance and technical level of management at the same time! CNC Milling CNC Machining